Most female dogs are excellent mothers. But occasionally, when the momma dog is very young or is temperamental, it may neglect its offspring.  Now it is up to you to be the momma.

The first 36 hours of a puppies life is the critical period nutritionally.

1.	Use a bottle and nipple made for nursing puppies or a human preemie nipple bottle (a nipple for premature infants).
2.	Buy commercially prepared formulas for feeding orphaned puppies. Avoid using goat's milk.
3.	Measure out the appropriate amount of milk for the puppy for one day: A 1-week-old puppy needs 13 mL of milk per 100g of body weight, a 2-week-old needs 17mL milk per 100g body weight, a 3-week-old needs 20mL milk per 100g body weight, a 4-week-old needs 22mL milk per 100g body weight.
4.	Divide the above daily dosage by 4, and feed this amount to the puppy four times a day.
5.	Warm the milk.
6.	Invert the bottle to let the milk ooze out slowly before inserting into the puppy's mouth.
7.	Avoid feeding the puppy while she's on her back. It's acceptable for the pup to slightly elevate her front paws while feeding.
8.	Check that the puppy's abdomen is enlarged but not overextended after feeding. Puppies should gain 2 to 4 g per day per kg of anticipated adult dog weight.
9.	Weigh the puppy daily.
10.	Encourage a 3-week-old puppy to eat solid food.
	Tips:
	Puppies generally just eat and sleep for the first several weeks. If crying excessively, they could be cold or hungry or both.
	Orphaned puppies need to be stimulated to defecate. Soak a cotton ball in warm water and very gently rub the anal area.

Homemade puppy milk Mix 4 ounces of Pet milk, 4 ounces of water, one jar of baby beef, two tablespoons of Karo clear syrup and one egg yoke. Mix in a blender and keep in the refrigerator (after mixed it should last 2 or 3 days). Heat, test and feed. Good luck.

What To Feed:
I prefer to feed puppies a powdered infant formula that I prepares just before use. Two excellent ones that are available are Esbilac marketed by Pet Ag, which is available at veterinary offices and pet stores and Hartz Advanced Care Puppy Milk Replacement powder available at WalMart Stores. Mix both according to the directions on the label (two parts boiled water to one part powder). Store the opened canister in the freezer. Allow some time after mixing a batch for bubbles to leave the formula. Keep reconstituted formula in the refrigerator between uses and discard any remaining formula at the end of the day.

In newborn puppies each feed is two hours apart and by weaning at four weeks feeds are four times daily. Puppies need 20 % of their body weight daily in food and this amount is divided over all the feeds.

We all have a tendency to over feed puppies. It is much safer to give them a little less than they desire. Over-feeding can lead to pneumonia when milk is inhaled into the lungs rather then swallowed into the stomach. It can also cause diarrhea. It is much safer to feed smaller amounts more frequently than larger amounts less frequently. If milk bubbles out of the pup’s nose it is flowing too rapidly from the bottle. This is usually due to too large a hole(s) in the nipple or over feeding. I microwave a bowl of water and set the bottle in it to heat the formula to 99-100 degrees Fahrenheit before use.

Some owners find it easier to feed very small newborn pups from a one or three milliliter syringe and switch to a bottle when the pup is two weeks old.

Boil nursing bottles and syringes between every use.

Burping The Puppy:
After each feeding hold the puppy upright with its tummy against your shoulder and pat it gently until it burps releasing trapped air. Nursing bottles that do not release enough milk lead to more air being trapped. If the puppy should bloat or become colicky add a few drops of infant anticolic medicine (simethicone, Equate Infants’ Gas Relief, WalMart Stores Inc.) to the formula.